Hip Osteoarthritis (OA)

What Is Hip Osteoarthritis (OA)

Hip osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease where the cartilage cushioning the hip joint gradually wears away, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It is one of the most common causes of hip pain, especially in older adults.

Causes

  • Aging: Natural wear and tear.
  • Previous Injury: Trauma or fractures can accelerate joint degeneration.
  • Congenital Conditions: Hip dysplasia or femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).
  • Obesity: Increased load on the hip joint.
  • Genetics: Family history of arthritis.

 

Symptoms

  • Gradual onset of groin or thigh pain, worsened by activity.
  • Stiffness, especially in the morning or after resting.
  • Reduced range of motion, making activities like tying shoes difficult.
  • Clicking or grinding sensations during movement.

 

Diagnosis

  • Clinical Examination:
  • Assessment of gait, range of motion, and joint tenderness.
  • Imaging:
  • X-rays: Reveal joint space narrowing, osteophytes (bone spurs), and sclerosis.
  • MRI: Useful for early cartilage changes or ruling out other causes.

 

Treatment

Non-Surgical

  • Lifestyle Modifications:
  • Weight loss to reduce joint load.
  • Avoid high-impact activities.
  • Medications:
  • NSAIDs for pain and inflammation.
  • Corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injections for temporary relief.
  • Physical Therapy:
  • Strengthening exercises for hip and core muscles.
  • Stretching to maintain flexibility.

Surgical

  • Hip Replacement Surgery (Total Hip Arthroplasty):
  • Replaces the damaged joint with an artificial implant.
  • Indicated for severe pain or functional limitations.
  • Hip Resurfacing:
  • An alternative for younger, active patients with good bone quality.